Islam and violence

alastair.adversaria » Some Thoughts on Islam and Violence: “Atheism and secularism are, in many respects, working with borrowed moral capital when they condemn the violent past of Christendom. The prophetic voice of the gospels in the Church was doing this long before them. It also seems that atheism and secularism are keen to denounce the violence of Christendom because the bloodiness of their track record far eclipses any of the atrocities committed in the name of the Christian faith.”

I thought this article was great (HT Byron)

Intimations of American Fascism

One Salient Oversight pointed me to this post, which I find deeply troubling.

Baptist Blogger: Greensboro Wrap-Up: “The Southern Baptist Convention has relegated Christian liberty in Christ to confessional oblivion and those who are willing to engage seriously in a discussion of its meaning and limit are characterized as an ungodly, immoral, unholy, and impure bunch of bootleggers peddling liquid licentiousness. Yet when the stars and stripes are waved, or ‘God Bless America’ is sung, tears roll down cheeks and hands are lifted high.

We are, it seems, no different that the German Church at the close of the Weimar Republic. Nationalism is our religion. The Gospel is now emptied of its power to set the captives free. This disturbs me more than the resolution itself. In fact, I could have stomached two years of the runner-up much easier than to stand in the convention hall and watch my fellow messengers rise to their feet when the death of Al-Zarquawi is announced. A soul is sent to hell, and we do not grieve. We cheer.”

This ties in with a great deal that I have been reflecting on recently, and on which a largish post is brewing – might be a while before I get a chance to publish it though (life is hectic – the last two long posts were Blue Peters)

Flushing out

A brief thought – a prayer really – that given the election of Katharine Schori, should the GCon be so moved by the Spirit as to approve a Windsor-compliant A161 resolution, it will mean that the underlying issues of Biblical authority and theological hermeneutics will be forced to come out into the open, without resting on the fissile basis of human sexuality. Which would be in the long term interest of the progressive side of the debate, if they could but realise it. I don’t expect that to happen, because I suspect there are too many lunatics on each side.

Keep praying.

UPDATE: I think that is what Schori has now achieved with B033.

Embodying Forgiveness

An address given to a church healing group, 17 March 2001

What I would like to do today is say a little about the theology of our ministry of healing and reconciliation. The role of theology is to articulate the meaning of our existence, and that means not simply the big questions – what is our place in the world? what is God like? – but also the small-scale questions, like: what is our healing group for? how should we move forward in this ministry? So what I will try to cover in this address is the meaning of what we do, when we lay hands on one another in the name of our Lord, and pray for healing and reconciliation.

“Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him.”
The Epistle of James, 5.14

I have taken the quotation from James as my text, because, first of all, it is one of the clear scriptural foundations for our practice. We meet in the name of one who healed the sick, and as we have been instructed to love one another as he loved us, so too must we continue his ministry to the sick. The quotation also falls naturally into three parts, which are going to be the framework for my talk: Who are the sick? Who are the elders of the church? And how should we pray? At the end, I want to gather these elements together, and offer a theology of our ministry of healing and reconciliation. I should add at the beginning, that this address is meant to be a contribution to discussions, and not the final word. Theology is the product of a praying community, and it is the community that gives expression to the theology in their behaviour and actions. It is the practical application of words that gives relevance to theology.

Who are the sick?

In the New Testament, there is no division between physical and spiritual sickness. Consider a passage from early on in Jesus’ ministry. [Lk 5 17-26, Mk 2 1-1, Mt 9 1-8] This is where Jesus is teaching in a room, and the room is crowded out with all those who have come to hear his Word. And because there is such a press of space, a paralytic is lowered down into Jesus’ presence from above. Jesus says to the paralytic that his sins are forgiven – at this point no physical healing is offered. This saying of Jesus offends the Pharisees who are present, who consider it blasphemy for Jesus to be forgiving sins. Jesus then says, ‘that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins’ he tells the paralytic to get up and walk, at which point the paralytic is healed – and all were amazed and glorified God. There is much in this passage which could be drawn out – perhaps that is something that you would like to do individually during the quiet moments of today – but for my purposes the important point is the tying together of physical illness and spiritual sickness.

When we are talking about the healing ministry, then, we are talking about the most fundamental of sicknesses – our separation from God, our departure from Eden. The Christian claim is that this separation leads to a lessening of our physical well-being, that the life given to us from God, which dwells within us, which forms and shapes our lives, is frustrated and corrupted by our separation from God. In other words, by our sin. And this sin, which is our separation from God, has a large appetite that extends into our relationships with one another, causing us to become separate from one another, the broken fragments of the one Body.

Now, this could be taken to mean that if someone is ill, then they are sinful, and the illness is something that has been brought upon the person by their own actions. It can therefore be seen as the judgement of a wrathful God upon his errant children. This language has been heard in recent years in discussions over HIV and AIDS – it is a plague of Biblical proportions, sent by a vengeful deity angry at the transgressing of his moral law. That perspective is not a Christian perspective. When we address the suffering present in this world, we are running up against one of the harder mysteries of our existence. Why do bad things happen? In particular, why do bad things happen to good people? I do not have a straightforward answer to that sort of question. The answer that I stumble along with centres upon the nature of faith: that we have a choice between trusting that there is an answer, even if we cannot fully understand it in this world; or making the decision to say that there is no answer – which rejects God, and consequently rejects all value and meaning from our lives, falling into the abyss of nihilism. It seems to me that it is impossible to really live in that fashion – at most it is a decision to move passively through the corridors of this world, never looking up or engaging deeply with our existence. If we are to truly live – live in a way which reaches into the dark earth in which we are rooted, in a way which reaches up to the bright heavens for which we strive – then we have no option other than the way of faith.

When we are confronted with sickness, then, we are confronted with a mystery, something that we cannot fully understand or grasp, and something that, in consequence, draws us closer to God. It is not the case that all sickness is the result of human sin, which can be overcome by the resolute application of prescription confessions and absolutions. That is to take a model of technocratic efficiency as the way of faith, a modern idolatry. Some sickness, in God’s providence, will always remain out of our reach. We must allow that to teach us humility before God, so that we may say with Job, ‘Behold I am of small account; what shall I answer thee? I lay my hand on my mouth.’

Yet some sickness is the result of sin – both sin committed by the life of a person themselves, or by those with whom they are in relationship: their immediate family and loved ones, or those forebears whose legacy shapes and mis-shapes lives over generations. It seems to me that this is where our ministry lies – in healing and reconciliation for those whose lives are blighted in body mind and spirit, and who come to be made whole.

Who are the elders?

Which brings me to the second part of my address – for who is it to whom these people come? Who are the elders of the church? The church is in a sense the easy part of that question, for the church is the community formed by the resurrection of our Lord from the dead, the community constituted by that victory over death and sin, the community within which the message of the gospel resides. In other words, us. I don’t know about you, but I sometimes feel nervous when I consider our origin: that we have been formed and commissioned by this great breach in the world, when Jesus came again amongst his disciples, and was recognised in the breaking of the bread. I don’t feel up to carrying on that message. Yet Jesus himself chose the humble fishermen to transmit his message, not the high and mighty. So perhaps we might be bold, despite our shortcomings, and trust the Spirit to enable us to carry the message forward. For we don’t have to get it perfect – part of our message, after all, is that we are redeemed from our shortcomings.

So the church is the community of the resurrection, we who have been shaped by the events of two thousand years ago. The body of Christ, who meet in his name and partake of his life. Who are the elders? The literal translation, as I am sure many of you know, is presbyters – the priests. Those who have been acknowledged by the community and commissioned to exercise leadership. Yet, to make that simple equation, of elders to priests, is I feel to miss something important. For the essence of being an elder is this recognition and commissioning by the community, this acknowledgement of growth in the faith. For the exercise of leadership is a significant responsibility, which depends upon a mature faith to be sustainable.

This language of elders, then, does not refer to our chronological age – the number of years that we have grown through, but rather to the age of our soul, to our wisdom. To be an elder in this sense is to be mature in the faith, to have marinated in the faith for such a length of time that the flavour has sunk into the bones, and can therefore be brought out again into the community.

The church is the community of the resurrection, as I said before, and it carries a message – that God in Christ was reconciling the world to himself; that in Christ sin is overcome; that in Christ we see the way, the truth, and the life, and that life is available to us in all its fullness. A message of forgiveness for our sins. When Christ healed the paralytic, he first said to him that his sins were forgiven. When the prodigal son returns from feeding the pigs, his father comes out to greet him and welcome him before he has a chance to say any words. There is more rejoicing in heaven over one sinner who repents. We are a community whose central claim is that God moves towards us, before we get a chance to even realise our problems, let alone come to begin working on them.

This perspective, this grace of forgiveness offered without qualification or prior regard, is the essence of our faith. The elders of our faith are those in whom this message has been distilled and matured so that it has become the essence of their nature. The medicine of the gospel has reached down and healed a person so thoroughly that the healing seeks further work, overflowing outwards into the life and witness of the believer, and drawing ever more people closer to the source of our life and healing. This is a grace, the free gift of God to his children, the life in which we are called to participate. As we grow in faith, we become bearers of that grace out into the world, ready to offer it to all who are in need.

How should we pray?

So when someone comes to the church, seeking healing and reconciliation, how should we pray? This is the point where the gospel message meets the world – where we are put to the test. How is our faith made present in the world?

I mentioned earlier that Jesus does not recognise the division between physical sickness and spiritual sickness. That is a division which is overcome in him. It is related to the more fundamental division between God and humanity, which is also overcome in him – a division brought about by sin, which separates humanity from God, and an overcoming by the God-man, the one who is both fully divine and fully human: the incarnate Word. Our message centres upon the incarnation, when God was revealed in human form. When we bring the gospel to bear – when we pray with someone who is sick, in other words – we too must be an incarnation of God’s love.

For our message of communion and reconciliation needs to be embodied if it is to take effect, just as the Word of God needed to be embodied if we were to recognise Him and be transformed by Him. This is why we have the laying on of hands as a necessary part of our prayers. This physical, embodied action is – in a very direct sense – the incarnation of the gospel, the embodiment of forgiveness. And as such, this action fits naturally in a Eucharistic context, where we meet the body of Christ.

The gospel that we proclaim is a bright and living fire, which burns out the darkness within us. As the gospel takes root in our hearts – as we know ourselves to be healed of our sins, brought closer to God, and enabled to participate in the true life that lightens every heart – so we can be bearers of that light into the world. When we pray, we come closer to God, we develop our relationship with him, and we are known and transformed by him. And prayer does not have to be a falling onto our knees and closing our eyes – although that is essential. It is also, for example, a study of scripture, taking that word of God into our hearts, allowing us to be transformed by its message. With all our prayer – whether we hold the suffering of the world before God in our intercessions, whether we stand before God alongside the broken in body, mind or spirit, or whether we ourselves are the broken ones, seeking God’s grace in our own lives – in all these contexts, the life of prayer offers the opportunity to transform our situations. We cannot know how the situation will be transformed – we cannot prejudge God’s intentions for our lives, or those who come to us seeking healing – but we can trust in the grace that has been given us, that if we come before God in prayer, we will be heard, and we will be sanctified by grace.

The laying on of hands, therefore, is an expression of our life in prayer. Our life in prayer is what enables us to mature in the faith, to grow more steadfast in our love, to become able to take the gospel into the world, where it can work its mysterious favour upon all with whom we have to do. If what we do is rooted in prayer, if we (to get really theological) are able to participate in the self-giving love of the Holy Trinity, then in our healing ministry we will manifest God’s love to the world, we will embody forgiveness.

Conclusion

For as I said earlier, what we do with theology only makes sense if it is acted out in our daily lives. What we do in our service of healing and reconciliation is incarnate the gospel, but that incarnation needs to work on us, moving into us as well as moving out from us. I know that many people have found participation in the service to be healing in this way, and it is certainly something that is natural and a real part of our ministry – we share in the ministry of the wounded healer, who died to free us from our sins.

Our participation in healing prayer, in the laying on of hands, is something that must also deepen our own faith, and call us forward to acknowledge and be healed of our own sin. Forgiveness is something that we must practice ourselves, and that is hard work. The service is the capstone of the ministry, but the foundations are our own lives. The foundations lie in our reactions to pain in our own life – the letting go of offence, the refusal to nurture anger or hold a grudge. To do this requires developing new habits and new casts of mind – to put on the armour of Christ, as Paul has it. Yet this is the new life which we are called to create as a church, a new living community which holds reconciliation at the centre of its life and witness. Just as our faith is a journey, not a destination, so also is the ministry of healing. May the risen Lord guide us on our journey, and enable us to be ministers of his grace. Amen.

(Prompted by reading the excellent book with this title by L Gregory Jones)

What happens when you run out of words?

(My Father’s Day post. My father never lived to see my children.)

What happens when you run out of words?

As I believe you all know, my father died very suddenly on Remembrance Sunday [2001]. He had suffered a major stroke the previous Thursday morning, and from that time until he slipped away peacefully on the Sunday afternoon my mother, my brother and I were by his side. As you can imagine it has been a difficult time for my family, and we are very grateful for all the messages of support and prayers that have come to us from the people of [this church].

I would like to say a few words today about what happened in those days. Now, obviously, this is difficult stuff. And when I mentioned to J____ that I was planning to talk about it today, she said she hoped it wouldn’t be too dark. I hope that I won’t be too dark; I don’t plan to be. I am fundamentally a positive person – a trait that I inherited from my father – but I believe that the truth sets us free. There are dark things in this world, Jesus was crucified, and I think it doesn’t help us if we run away screaming when we are brought face to face with the dark things of our world. For my faith is that the dark things of this world are not overpowering, that death does not have the last word. That there is an Easter morning. Or, to change the image, we are a pilgrim people, and if we are to keep walking towards the Kingdom, sometimes we must walk through the valley of the shadow of death where the only thing that can keep us from fearing the evil that surrounds us is the staff of the Good Shepherd – that is, a trust that the valley of shadow is not the whole of life.

When we were at the hospital, first and foremost, we prayed. The word prayer originally comes from a word meaning to beg, and that is what we did – we begged for the life of my father, we begged that he would not be taken from us, we begged that he would not be brain damaged or paralysed.

After a while, in a situation like this, the words begin to run out. There are only a certain number of times that you can put your whole heart into praying such words. But the process of saying those words so often, and in such a heartfelt manner, changes you. It burns off the dross that we so often fill our minds and hearts with. You get more in touch with the things that you truly value – the clutter gets swept aside, and the central building blocks of your life – your love for your nearest and dearest, your husband or father, your brother or child or friend – these come into focus. And you realise just how very precious they are. For we each bear the image of Christ within us, we are each made in the image of God, and we are each so very, very precious. I think that is how God sees us. And one thing that I take away from that hospital bed is this sense of the richness, the value, the sheer beauty of a human being, another soul. It is not easy to let something like that go.

After a day or so, my mother asked me how to pray. The words had run out, the begging didn’t seem to be being answered, and perhaps there was an element of ‘If only I could say the right words then God will be merciful to us, and spare this man’. I said to my mother that the heart of prayer is love; that if we brought our love for my father to the centre of our awareness, then God would be able to work through us. I had in mind a passage from Romans, which I shall read to you:

“We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. Not only so, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. For in this hope we were saved. But hope that is seen is no hope at all. Who hopes for what he already has? But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently. In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groans that words cannot express. And he who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints in accordance with God’s will. And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” (Romans 8. 22-28)

It was the second part of that passage that I had in mind at first – that the Spirit prays through us. If we can only centre ourselves on God, who is the Love that is the Source of all our life, then I believe that He can work through us. If we could only bring into our hearts our love for my father, then God will be able to work through us.

It was at this time that we asked for the Chaplain to come, to administer the sacrament of anointing. I had to explain this to my nephew, who is ten years old, and I will just briefly say to you what I said to him. It’s not an exhaustive explanation as you will realise, but I think it says what is most important. I said to him that anointing with oil was a way of expressing your love and approval of someone, and that what happened with the rite of anointing was that the whole church together had blessed oil for this purpose, so that when this oil was used, it was a way of concentrating all the love of the church into the act, not just that of the people gathered around the person. It was a way of focusing and reinforcing that love into a single act.

As time went on, the doctors became more and more downbeat. On the Friday they had told us that we should prepare for the worst, and they said the same on the Sunday morning. We had been attending a service at the Chapel – it was Remembrance Sunday, “they shall not grow old, as we who are left grow old” – and we were called up to hear the sombre news. This was difficult; we had clung on to small strands of hope, and now these were taken away from us. Our clearest wish was that my father should not be suffering, and so we arranged that he should be made comfortable, and we gathered around him for his last journey. Which I won’t go into here; but I will say that it was a very peace filled time.

I need to return to my theme of talking with God. For we had tried all the words that we had, and begged with all our hearts. And then we ran out of words, and we just centred on our love for my father, hoping that this would allow God’s healing power to come through. And of course, led by me, we placed our hands on him and prayed “In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, may the Spirit of the Living God, present with us now, fill you spirit mind and body, and make you whole”.

There was still a sense, in me, that if only we did things the right way, then my father would be returned to us. This is magical thinking, it is not Christian thinking. Magical thinking is about controlling the world for our own purposes, using occult means. This is one of the main reasons for Christian missionary success – if the God of these incomers can heal the sick, give people back their sight, or knit bones back together then their magic must be the most powerful magic, their God must be the most powerful God, so let us convert to their rituals. Traces of this can still be found in the Old Testament by the way – and we can trace within the Old Testament a growth in understanding of God, from being the magical figure who was under Israel’s control, to the Creator of the universe. For the central reality that was brought home to me so clearly during those difficult days was simply this – that we are not in control. God is in control. And God will make the creation in a way of his choosing. This seems an obvious thing, a trivial truth, and yet I do believe it is one that we have almost forgotten in the structure of our lives. We have become accustomed to getting our own way with most things. If we break a leg, we expect to be able to recover, and return to our previous normal life – when that is something astonishing in human history. We are accustomed to being able to see during the dark winter hours, and be kept warm and well fed. Yet, within all the insulation that we surround ourselves with, all the comforts that chloroform the soul, God is still the fundamental ground of our being, the support on which we sit. We are utterly and irreducibly dependent upon God.

We fight against this.

We fight against it not least when we are touched by Him in a way that we do not like. We don’t like giving up our sense of control, the illusion that we are in control of our fate. And when God asserts His presence in ways that we find offensive or painful, we react against him, we hurl our anger at him, and in many cases this anger becomes a hatred, and we fight back in the only way left, by saying that we don’t believe in Him, rather as an angry child might say to a parent ‘I don’t love you any more’. And perhaps God is hurt by that in the way that a parent is cut to the quick by such a child. But to be honest, I think God’s only response to the anguished crying of “Why?” is what he says to Job:

“Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell me, if you have understanding. Who determined its measurements–surely you know! Or who stretched the line upon it? On what were its bases sunk, or who laid its cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?” (Job 38)

We don’t have a position from which to criticise God, or even to ask for an explanation. We live within the world that he has created, where we are entirely dependent on Him for our every breath. Our desire for being in control extends also to our understandings of the world. We form an understanding of the world, and it contains elements like ‘a parent will die before the child’ and ‘if I live a basically good life I won’t suffer greatly before my death’ and things like that. These act like crutches, like comforts and supports, and as long as we are aware that that is what they are then they work well. But I believe we forget that we are so wholly dependent on the grace of God for everything. And the Lord gives, and the Lord takes away; Blessed be the name of the Lord.

So why should we pray? And why should we, in this healing group, spend our time talking and praying together, and once a month come together to lay hands on those who are in need of healing, and renewal of mind and spirit?

I can’t pretend to have a full answer to that question. In particular, I can’t say with confidence that God will answer even the prayers of the faithful. When Jesus talks of the power even of faith as little as a mustard seed, or of disciples being able to do greater deeds than Him, or of the Father knowing what good things to give to His children – these things no longer have an immediate sense for me. I think that before my father’s death I still had a residual sense that God might sometimes intervene, to avert something hard from taking place. I hadn’t experienced it in my own life, but I was perfectly willing to believe that it might happen. I do not have that sense any more. In that, perhaps I gain a glimmer of what Jesus understood from the cross, when he felt himself forsaken. Some believe that Jesus expected God to bring the end of the world at that moment – when the world had judged and condemned his Son, when the battle lines and choices were clear. God didn’t do that. Instead, after the anguish, pain and humiliation of his death on the cross, Christ enters the underworld, and, in time, he emerges, changed, filled with light and peace. It hadn’t happened in the way that he expected. It happened in the way that God chose.

But there are a few things I would like to say here. The first is that the truth sets us free – and prayer brings us closer to the reality of God. When we are confronted with need, our priorities become clearer. What do we actually believe in? What do we think is important? And, as I have described, I believe that if we can but allow the love of which we are made to shine through our hearts, I think we can tune in with God’s purposes, and he will work through us. We can perhaps put to one side our comfortable certainties, and place our hearts wholly in God’s hands.

Secondly, during those days in the hospital, I felt supported and held. I’m not sure I would describe it as being held and supported by God, although I did have a profound sense that God was present in that small room. It was more a sense of being supported by prayer, that there were people praying for my father and his family, and that that support was somehow reaching me. I can’t explain that sense, all I know is that it was there.

Lastly, I have learnt the meaning of the expression ‘be grateful for small mercies’. The central and unavoidable fact of my father’s death is truly awful, and to be honest, I feel that I am still in shock; it hasn’t properly sunk in to my bones yet. There is much mourning still to come. But surrounding that hard fact, if God had decided to take my father away, to cause us so much pain – he did at least leave us with some small causes for gratitude. Gratitude that my father hadn’t been taken a few years ago, before the happy times of his most recent years. Gratitude that my father had not been left brain damaged, or paralysed, for that would truly have been a hateful condition for him to have had to endure. And grateful also for those few days that we could spend with him, so that he could know his family were with him before he slipped away, that we had a chance to hold him and to love him just a little more before he was finally taken back.

One last image. I hope that many people here will have seen the film, ‘Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade’, where Harrison Ford and Sean Connery go off in search of the Holy Grail. At the climax of the film, Indiana has to overcome a number of hurdles to reach the grail, and the last of them is the leap of faith. He has to step out across an abyss, where there are no visible means of support other than the grace of God. After much hesitation – and a little cunning – he takes the step. I am starting to realise the truth of that underlying image. That if we are to walk the path of faith, then we can rely on nothing other than the grace of God. We cannot rely on our own strength, our own understandings, not even on our own love. We are in the hands of God, He is in control. Let us trust that He loves us, and that he will take care of us, in this world, and in the next.

Let us pray:

Almighty God, who in thy wisdom hast so ordered our earthly life that we needs must walk by faith and not by sight; grant us such faith in thee that, amidst all things that pass our understanding, we may believe in thy fatherly care, and ever be strengthened by the assurance that underneath are the everlasting arms; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.